— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些措施適合腹瀉病人，以維持體液與電解質平衡？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with diarrhea to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister an oral rehydration solution✓ 正解給予口服補液溶液
- BMonitor intake and output✓ 正解監測攝入量與排出量
- CIncrease intake of high-caffeine beverages增加高咖啡因飲料的攝取
- DAssess skin turgor and mucous membranes✓ 正解評估皮膚彈性和黏膜
- ELimit intake of solid foods限制固體食物的攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腹瀉導致體液與電解質快速流失。電解質補給液（A）、嚴格監測進出量（B）與評估脫水徵象（皮膚彈性、黏膜）（D）是護理重點。C 選項錯誤，咖啡因具利尿作用，會加重脫水；E 雖然初期可暫停進食，但長期禁食無助於復原，應逐步轉為低渣飲食。
Appropriate interventions include administering oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, monitoring intake and output to guide resuscitation, and assessing skin turgor and mucous membranes for signs of dehydration. Avoiding caffeine is essential as it acts as a diuretic and worsens fluid loss.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地均依賴靜脈輸液（IV）與口服補充。美國護理師在脫水評估上有更制式化的計分系統。