— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
下列何者為影響老年人安全且預期性的生理變化？
Which of the following is an expected physiological change in the elderly that impacts safety?
- AImproved balance平衡感改善
- BHeightened sense of touch觸覺敏銳度提高
- CIncreased visual acuity視力清晰度增加
- DSlower reaction time✓ 正解反應時間變慢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老化過程涉及神經系統與感知能力的退化。隨著年齡增長，神經傳導速度減慢，導致中樞神經處理資訊的反應時間（Reaction time）變長。這種生理變化會直接影響老年人對危險的判斷與避災能力，是跌倒（Falls）與意外事故的重要風險因子。在臨床護理中，評估老年病人的安全時，反應速度與平衡能力是重點，需採取預防性措施如防滑地板、照明充足及移除障礙物。
Slower reaction time is an expected age-related neurologic change because of decreased nerve conduction velocity and CNS processing speed. It directly increases fall and injury risk. Visual acuity, balance, and tactile sensation all DECREASE with normal aging; nursing interventions include nonskid surfaces, adequate lighting, removing tripping hazards, and assistive devices.