— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧使用連續靜脈輸注肝素的病人,哪些發現需要立即介入?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous intravenous heparin. Which findings require immediate intervention? (Select all that apply.)
- AGingival bleeding during oral hygiene✓ 正解口腔衛生期間牙齦出血
- BaPTT value of 35 seconds活化部分凝血活酶時間(aPTT)值為 35 秒
- CPresence of dark, tarry stools✓ 正解出現黑色焦油樣糞便
- DPetechiae on the upper extremities✓ 正解上肢出現瘀點
- EHematoma at the IV insertion site✓ 正解靜脈穿刺部位出現血腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝素治療期間需密切觀察出血徵兆。牙齦出血、黑便(腸胃道出血)、瘀點及注射部位血腫皆為異常出血反應,提示藥量過高或凝血功能失調。B 選項 aPTT 35 秒在正常範圍(非治療範圍),需確認醫囑治療指標,而非立即停止,但 A, C, D, E 顯示明顯出血風險需立即回報。
Gingival bleeding, dark tarry stools, petechiae, and hematomas at the IV site are all signs of active bleeding or coagulation compromise requiring immediate intervention during heparin therapy. While a normal aPTT suggests sub-therapeutic levels, it does not indicate an acute hemorrhagic emergency like the other selected findings.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美方醫院通常有嚴格的肝素滴定 protocol,護理師可根據 aPTT 調整流速;台灣常需醫師簽署醫囑後執行。