— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人因糖尿病酮酸中毒 (DKA) 入院，下列哪項檢驗結果是預期會見到的？
A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory finding is expected?
- ABlood pH 7.50血液 pH 值 7.50
- BSerum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L✓ 正解血清碳酸氫根 15 mEq/L
- CSerum potassium 5.5 mEq/L血清鉀 5.5 mEq/L
- DBlood glucose 110 mg/dL血糖 110 mg/dL
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
DKA 病患因代謝性酸中毒，pH 值通常 < 7.35，且碳酸氫根（HCO3-）會下降（通常 < 15 mEq/L）。血糖通常 > 250 mg/dL。血鉀初期可能偏高，但隨胰島素治療會急劇下降，故 B 是最符合的生化特徵。
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis, which results in a decreased serum bicarbonate level, typically below 15 mEq/L. Other expected findings include low blood pH and significantly elevated blood glucose, whereas potassium levels may fluctuate but are not the primary diagnostic marker for the acidotic state.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依據 DKA protocol 自動調整輸液與胰島素，台灣護理師則嚴格執行醫師開立的精確醫囑。