— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
對於急性腎盂腎炎的病人，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage increased oral fluid intake✓ 正解鼓勵增加口服液體攝取
- BAdminister analgesics as prescribed for flank pain✓ 正解依處方給予止痛藥以緩解脅腹痛
- CMonitor intake and output✓ 正解監測出入量
- DRestrict physical activity strictly to bed rest嚴格限制體力活動至臥床休息
- EApply dry heat to the abdomen for discomfort對腹部施加乾熱以緩解不適
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎盂腎炎（Acute Pyelonephritis）為上泌尿道感染，護理重點在於緩解症狀與預防進一步腎損傷。增加液體攝取可沖洗尿路並稀釋尿液，減少細菌黏附；止痛藥針對腰脅痛（Flank pain）緩解不適；出入量監測則能評估腎臟排泄功能及水份平衡。臥床與熱敷並非治療的核心，且熱敷應避免過度刺激。
Increased oral fluid intake flushes the urinary tract, while analgesics manage severe flank pain and intake/output monitoring assesses renal function. Strict bed rest is unnecessary, and heat application should target the flank rather than the abdomen.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院常有常規化的「嚴格臥床」思維，但在美國護理教育更強調「Early Ambulation」（早期下床活動）以預防併發症，除非病人有嚴重生命徵象不穩。