— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲高血壓病患服用 lisinopril，護理師應衛教病患若出現哪種副作用需立即回報？
A 45-year-old client with a history of hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which side effect should the nurse instruct the client to report immediately?
- ADizziness upon standing站起時的頭暈
- BSwelling of the tongue and lips✓ 正解舌頭和嘴唇腫脹
- CMild dry cough輕微乾咳
- DMild headache輕微頭痛
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
血管收縮素轉換酶抑制劑（ACEI）最嚴重的副作用是血管性水腫（Angioedema）。舌頭、嘴唇或喉嚨腫脹會導致氣道阻塞，危及生命。雖然乾咳（C）常見，但屬於次要副作用；姿勢性低血壓（A）與輕微頭痛（D）常見於剛用藥期間，屬較輕微的適應過程。
The nurse must instruct the client to report swelling of the tongue and lips immediately, as this indicates angioedema, a life-threatening emergency associated with ACE inhibitors. While dry cough and mild headaches are common side effects, they do not require immediate discontinuation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床對於 ACEI 導致血管性水腫的緊急應變一致，皆視為過敏反應需立即停藥並考慮急診處置。