— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
一位接受全靜脈營養（TPN）的病人。下列哪些預防措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which precautions are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AChange the IV tubing every 24 hours每 24 小時更換靜脈輸液管路
- BMonitor blood glucose levels every 6 hours✓ 正解每 6 小時監測血糖
- CUse a dedicated infusion pump✓ 正解使用專屬輸注幫浦
- DHang Dextrose 10% if TPN bag is empty✓ 正解若 TPN 袋空瓶時掛上 10% 葡萄糖溶液
- EAssess the central line site for signs of infection✓ 正解評估中心導管置入處是否有感染跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
TPN 高濃度糖分易導致高血糖，需定時測量；高滲透壓需用幫浦；若無 TPN，需接 D10W 以防低血糖（因身體已適應高胰島素分泌）；管路更換依院方 protocol（通常每 24-72 小時）；中心導管護理預防感染至關重要。
Because TPN contains high concentrations of dextrose, monitoring blood glucose is essential to detect hyperglycemia, and a dedicated infusion pump ensures precise delivery to prevent metabolic imbalances. If the TPN supply is interrupted, hanging dextrose 10% prevents rebound hypoglycemia caused by the body's adapted insulin response, while strict aseptic technique at the central line site is critical to prevent life-threatening infections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於 TPN 的護理標準一致，美國護理師在管路維護與中心導管照護上更具備獨立操作權限。