— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人呈現嚴重脫水徵象。護理師預期哪項檢驗值會異常？
A client presents with signs of severe dehydration. Which lab value should the nurse anticipate?
- AIncreased hematocrit✓ 正解血球容積比增加
- BDecreased urine specific gravity尿液比重降低
- CDecreased serum albumin血清白蛋白降低
- DDecreased BUNBUN 降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嚴重脫水（Dehydration）時，體液喪失導致血管內空間水分減少，血液成分相對濃縮。這會導致血容積比（Hematocrit, Hct）數值顯著升高。其他數值變化：白蛋白（Albumin）亦會升高；尿比重（Urine specific gravity）應升高（因為尿液濃縮）；BUN 會因腎灌流不足而升高（氮血症）。故 Hct 升高是脫水的典型血液檢查指標。
Severe dehydration leads to hemoconcentration as plasma volume decreases, causing a significant increase in hematocrit levels. This elevated hematocrit is a key laboratory indicator used to assess the severity of fluid deficit in clients.