— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
一位急性胰臟炎病人入院，護理師應執行哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
A client with acute pancreatitis is admitted. Which nursing interventions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status✓ 正解維持禁食（NPO）狀態。
- BAdminister morphine for pain control✓ 正解給予嗎啡以控制疼痛。
- CMonitor for signs of hypocalcemia✓ 正解監測低血鈣徵象。
- DPosition client in high-Fowler's position將病人置於高半坐臥位（High-Fowler's position）。
- EEncourage a high-fat diet鼓勵攝取高脂飲食。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎需禁食以減少胰液分泌。疼痛常用嗎啡控制（過去雖有爭議，目前認為效果優於 Meperidine）。胰臟炎常因脂肪壞死導致鈣質結合，引發低血鈣。High-Fowler 雖可緩解，但非首要；高脂飲食會加劇症狀，絕對禁用。
Acute pancreatitis requires NPO status to reduce pancreatic secretions. Pain is commonly controlled with morphine (although this was once debated, current evidence considers it superior to meperidine). Pancreatitis often causes fat necrosis, which binds calcium and produces hypocalcemia. The high-Fowler position may provide some relief but is not the priority; a high-fat diet worsens symptoms and is strictly contraindicated.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對止痛藥物選擇已趨於一致，但在腸道營養介入的時機點，美國目前更積極提倡提早開始腸內營養。