— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位正在輸血的病人。下列哪些發現表示出現了輸血反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving blood transfusion. Which of the following findings would indicate a transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlank pain✓ 正解腰部疼痛
- BBradycardia心搏過緩
- CFever✓ 正解發燒
- DChills✓ 正解寒顫
- EHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性溶血性輸血反應的典型徵象包括發燒、寒顫、低血壓、腰痛（Flank pain，因溶血物質堆積於腎小管），通常還伴隨心搏過速（而非過緩）。護理師一旦觀察到這些症狀，應立即停止輸血並更換生理食鹽水管路。
Signs of a transfusion reaction include flank pain, fever, chills, and hypotension, which may indicate hemolysis or anaphylaxis. Bradycardia is not a typical sign; instead, tachycardia is commonly observed due to systemic stress and potential shock.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣輸血前需雙人核對與血袋簽章極為嚴格；美國則偏向使用條碼掃描（Barcode）技術強化安全監控。