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降低風險 · HARD · MCQ

護理師照護一名中性球減少症的病人。下列哪項評估結果需立即向醫師報告?

A nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia. Which assessment finding requires immediate reporting to the provider?

  • AWhite blood cell count of 3,500/mm³
    白血球計數為 3,500/mm³
  • BMild fatigue and lethargy
    輕微疲倦和嗜睡
  • COral temperature of 100.4°F (38°C)✓ 正解
    口腔溫度 100.4°F (38°C)
  • DPlatelet count of 150,000/mm³
    血小板計數為 150,000/mm³
Explanation · 中文詳解

中性球減少症(Neutropenia)是指血液中具有吞噬功能的白血球(尤其是中性球)數量顯著偏低,這使得病人極度容易受到感染。對於這類免疫功能嚴重受損的病人,任何感染跡象都必須嚴肅且迅速地處理,因為即使是輕微的感染,也可能迅速惡化為危及生命的敗血症(sepsis)或全身性感染。發燒(fever)是人體對抗感染最常見的反應之一,對於中性球減少症的病人而言,體溫升高至 100.4°F (38°C) 或更高,即使沒有其他明顯感染症狀,也應被視為潛在嚴重感染的警訊,甚至被定義為「腫瘤急症」(Oncologic emergency),尤其是在接受化療的病人身上。因此,出現發燒是需要立即向醫師報告並啟動抗生素治療的最高優先級臨床發現。 臨床思路(clinical reasoning)的優先順序(priority)判斷,在此情況下是以「立即危及生命」(immediate life threat)為核心。發燒是病人免疫系統崩潰的早期訊號,延誤治療可能導致感染迅速擴散,進而引發敗血性休克。因此,此評估結果必須被立即上報,以便醫師能及時介入。

Fever is the most critical indicator of infection in a client with neutropenia, as even minor infections can rapidly progress to life-threatening sepsis due to the lack of immune defense. An oral temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher constitutes an oncologic emergency requiring immediate provider notification and initiation of antibiotic therapy. Other findings like mild fatigue or normal platelet counts do not pose the same immediate threat.

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