— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在為病人進行輸血,病人出現蕁麻疹與喘鳴聲,護理師應採取哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. The client develops hives and wheezing. Which actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
- BFlush the IV line with normal saline✓ 正解以生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈通路
- CNotify the healthcare provider✓ 正解通知醫療提供者
- DAdminister an antihistamine as ordered✓ 正解依醫囑給予抗組織胺
- EIncrease the infusion rate to clear the line加快輸注速率以沖管路
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
這是典型的過敏性輸血反應。第一步是立即停止輸血(A),並使用新的靜脈輸液管以生理食鹽水維持管路通暢(B),不可使用原本殘留血液的管路。通知醫師(C)並依醫囑給予抗組織胺或其他抗過敏藥(D)是標準流程。增加輸速(E)會使更多過敏原進入體內,絕對禁止。
This scenario describes an acute allergic transfusion reaction requiring immediate intervention. The nurse must stop the transfusion and flush the line with normal saline using a new tubing set to prevent further allergen exposure. Notifying the healthcare provider and administering ordered antihistamines are critical steps to manage symptoms and assess severity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常見輸血反應流程圖(Protocol)極為嚴格,台灣護理師通常需先確認醫囑後才給予抗過敏藥,但在緊急停止輸血上兩者一致。