護理師執行眼藥水點藥，哪項動作適切？
A nurse is administering eye drops. Which action is appropriate?
- ADrop the medication directly onto the cornea將藥物直接滴在角膜上
- BUse the same bottle for multiple clients同一瓶藥給多位病人使用
- CAsk the client to blink rapidly請病人快速眨眼
- DApply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation✓ 正解滴藥後按壓鼻淚管
眼藥水點藥的核心在於透過局部給藥達到治療效果，同時最小化全身性吸收（systemic absorption）。點藥後按壓鼻淚管（nasolacrimal duct）是關鍵的護理動作，可阻斷藥液經由鼻淚管流入鼻腔及咽部，從而減少藥物被鼻黏膜微血管吸收進入全身循環，特別是對於含有全身性副作用藥物（如 beta-blockers）的眼藥水尤為重要。臨床上應將藥水滴入下結膜囊（lower conjunctival sac），而非角膜，以避免機械性刺激角膜並防止損傷。
After instilling eye drops, the nurse should apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct to minimize systemic absorption through the nasal mucosa, which is crucial for reducing potential side effects. The medication should be dropped into the lower conjunctival sac rather than directly onto the sensitive cornea. Clients should avoid rapid blinking, which can expel the medication, and each bottle must be used for only one client to prevent cross-contamination.
美國臨床極度重視感染控制與防護，對於眼藥水瓶口是否接觸眼球有嚴格規範。若瓶口不慎接觸到眼球，該藥物必須丟棄，不得繼續使用於該病人或他人。