— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對一位長期便秘的病人進行出院指導。哪些生活方式的調整是建議的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic constipation. Which lifestyle modifications are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease daily fluid intake✓ 正解增加每日液體攝取量
- BDecrease physical activity to preserve energy減少體力活動以保存能量
- CIncrease intake of dietary fiber✓ 正解增加膳食纖維攝取
- DEstablish a regular time for defecation✓ 正解建立規律排便時間
- ELimit the use of over-the-counter laxatives✓ 正解限制非處方瀉藥的使用
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性便秘的護理核心在於改善腸道動力與糞便質地。生活方式調整應包含增加水分攝取以軟化糞便、增加纖維攝取以增加糞便體積並刺激腸道蠕動、養成規律排便習慣利用胃結腸反射（gastrocolic reflex），以及減少對瀉藥的依賴。長期使用瀉藥會導致腸道平滑肌對刺激反應遲鈍，造成「瀉藥依賴性腸道」，故應採取非藥物介入優先。
Management of chronic constipation focuses on improving bowel motility and stool consistency through non-pharmacological interventions. Recommended lifestyle modifications include increasing fluid intake to soften stool, adding dietary fiber to increase bulk, establishing a regular toileting schedule to utilize the gastrocolic reflex, and limiting laxative use to prevent dependency and bowel damage.