— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被診斷為抗利尿激素分泌過多症候群（SIADH）。何項護理措施是優先的？
A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which nursing intervention is a priority?
- ARestrict fluid intake✓ 正解限制水分攝取
- BAdminister intravenous fluids給予靜脈輸液
- CAdminister a loop diuretic給予環狀利尿劑
- DMonitor serum sodium levels every shift每班次監測血清鈉濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
SIADH（抗利尿激素分泌過多症候群）的核心病理是抗利尿激素（ADH）過度分泌，導致腎小管對水分的重吸收過量，造成體液過多（dilutional hyponatremia）。護理優先順序在於改善稀釋性低血鈉及預防體液超載。限制水分攝取可直接減少水分滯留，是治療此症狀的首要措施。臨床上需嚴密監控液體進出量（I&O）、體重變化及血清鈉濃度，以預防腦水腫等神經學併發症。
Fluid restriction is the cornerstone of treatment for SIADH because it directly addresses the underlying water retention and dilutional hyponatremia caused by excessive ADH. While monitoring sodium levels is important, restricting intake is the primary intervention to prevent complications like cerebral edema.