護理師正在教導新診斷為第一型糖尿病的病人關於足部護理的知識。應包含哪些建議？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about foot care. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply moisturizing lotion between toes在腳趾間塗抹保濕乳液
- BInspect feet daily for redness or cracks✓ 正解每日檢查雙腳是否有紅腫或裂口
- CWear closed-toe shoes at all times✓ 正解隨時穿著包頭鞋
- DCut toenails straight across✓ 正解平剪趾甲
- EUse a heating pad if feet feel cold若雙腳感到寒冷則使用熱敷墊
糖尿病足部護理的目標是降低潰瘍與感染風險，神經病變導致感覺減退，使得病人難以察覺小傷口或溫差傷害。每日徹底檢查（B）是發現早期紅腫、裂縫與水泡的關鍵。修剪指甲應採平剪法（D）以防指甲長入肉中引發甲溝炎。穿著全包覆鞋類（C）可防止外傷與穿刺風險。塗抹乳液於腳趾間（A）容易因過度潮濕引起黴菌感染，因此應避免。使用加熱墊（E）極為危險，因為糖尿病病人對熱感知遲鈍，極易導致燙傷卻不自知。護理師必須強化『預防勝於治療』的概念，讓病人意識到小傷口在糖尿病狀態下即可能演變為難以癒合的壞疽。
Clients with type 1 diabetes should inspect their feet daily for early signs of skin breakdown, wear closed-toe shoes to prevent injury, and cut toenails straight across to avoid ingrown nails. These measures are critical for preventing ulcers and infections due to decreased sensation and poor wound healing.
美國衛教非常強調糖尿病護理師（CDE）與足病醫師（Podiatrist）的專業分工，台灣則多由內分泌科衛教師統一指導，對於足部護理的細節衛教（如平剪、不泡熱水）在台灣住院期間常透過護理指導單落實。