— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些病人發生院內感染的風險最高？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following clients are at highest risk for developing hospital-acquired infections? (Select all that apply.)
- AA client with an indwelling urinary catheter✓ 正解留置導尿管的病人
- BA client receiving parenteral nutrition via a central line✓ 正解透過中心靜脈導管接受腸外營養的病人
- CA client on long-term corticosteroid therapy✓ 正解接受長期皮質類固醇治療的病人
- DA client recovering from a simple laparoscopic appendectomy從單純腹腔鏡闌尾切除術恢復中的病人
- EA client with an open surgical wound✓ 正解有開放性手術傷口的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
院內感染（Healthcare-associated infections, HAIs）的高風險族群通常涉及「侵入性治療設備」與「免疫抑制狀態」。導尿管與中心靜脈導管提供了微生物進入體內的管道；長期使用類固醇會抑制免疫細胞功能；開放性傷口則是細菌侵入的門戶。相較之下，簡單的腹腔鏡手術屬於微創，傷口與介入程度較低，感染風險相對較小。
Clients with indwelling catheters, central lines, open wounds, or those on immunosuppressive therapy are at highest risk for hospital-acquired infections due to breached barriers or compromised immunity. These devices and conditions provide direct portals for pathogens or reduce the body's ability to fight infection. Minimally invasive procedures like laparoscopic appendectomy carry a lower relative risk.