— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些病人發生醫療照護相關感染（HAIs）的風險最高？（選所有適合的）
Which clients are at the highest risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient with an indwelling urinary catheter✓ 正解留置導尿管的病人
- BClient on long-term corticosteroid therapy✓ 正解接受長期皮質類固醇治療的病人
- CClient who is post-operative day 2術後第二天的病人
- DClient with a central venous line✓ 正解有中心靜脈導管的病人
- EClient with a localized skin rash有局部皮膚紅疹的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
醫療照護相關感染（HAIs）的主要風險因子涉及侵入性裝置與免疫抑制狀態。侵入性醫療器材（如導尿管、中心靜脈導管）會破壞皮膚黏膜的第一道防線，提供微生物入侵的直接通道。長期使用類固醇會抑制發炎反應與免疫細胞功能，使身體難以對抗病原體。臨床上，識別這些高風險病人並嚴格執行感染控制措施（如管路維護）至關重要。
Healthcare-associated infections are primarily associated with invasive devices and immunosuppression. Indwelling urinary catheters and central venous lines breach natural barriers, providing direct portals of entry for pathogens. Long-term corticosteroid therapy suppresses the immune system, further increasing susceptibility to infection.