護理師正在規劃一群病人的照護。護理師應優先評估哪位病人?
A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
- AA client who had a stroke 3 days ago and has persistent left-sided weakness.三天前中風且持續左側無力的病人
- BA client who is two days postoperative following a total knee arthroplasty and reports pain as 6 out of 10.全膝關節置換術後兩天,主訴疼痛為 6/10 分的病人
- CA client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a pulse oximetry reading of 89%.慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)病人,血氧飽和度讀數為 89%
- DA client with diabetes mellitus who is shaky and has a capillary glucose level of 48 mg/dL.✓ 正解糖尿病患者,身體顫抖且毛細血糖值為 48 mg/dL
本題的核心概念是優先順序判斷(Prioritization),採用 ABC(呼吸、循環、呼吸)及 Maslow 需要層次理論。低血糖(血糖值 48 mg/dL)屬於醫療緊急狀況(Circulation/Metabolic stability),若不及時處理會導致神經損傷、昏迷甚至死亡,因此必須最先處理。選項 C 的 COPD 病人 SpO2 89% 對於該疾病而言是可接受的範圍;選項 B 的術後疼痛雖然需要處理,但不具立即生命威脅;選項 A 的中風後遺症屬於穩定狀態。臨床思路上,護理師應先過濾掉「預期內」的症狀(如 COPD 缺氧、術後痛、舊中風),鎖定「非預期且致命」的生理變化(低血糖)。
Hypoglycemia with a glucose level of 48 mg/dL is an acute metabolic emergency that poses an immediate risk of seizures and brain damage, requiring urgent intervention. While COPD patients may have lower baseline oxygen saturations and postoperative pain is expected, neither presents the same immediate life-threatening potential as severe hypoglycemia.
在美國 NCLEX 考試中,低血糖永遠被視為優先於穩定呼吸疾病的急症。台灣臨床實務中,護理師同樣會優先處理低血糖,但在回報流程上,美國護理師常有更明確的 Standing Orders 直接給予 15g 碳水化合物或 D50W,而台灣可能需先測完血糖後立即口頭知會醫師補開醫囑。