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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ

病人正在接受持續性靜脈輸注肝素(Heparin)。護理師應優先向醫師報告下列哪項臨床發現?

A client is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin. Which clinical finding should the nurse prioritize reporting to the healthcare provider?

  • AHematuria✓ 正解
    血尿
  • BElevated PTT levels
    PTT 數值升高
  • CGum bleeding during brushing
    刷牙時牙齦出血
  • DBruising at the IV site
    靜脈注射部位瘀青
Explanation · 中文詳解

肝素(Heparin)是一種抗凝血劑,其核心風險為出血。雖然醫護人員會透過監測 PTT(部分凝血活酶時間)來調整劑量,但臨床上的「出血徵兆」才是最直接的警訊。血尿(Hematuria)代表全身性出血傾向,且可能涉及腎臟或泌尿系統的深層出血,屬於嚴重的抗凝血過量表現,必須立即向醫師報告並評估是否需要減量或給予拮抗劑(如 Protamine sulfate)。

Hematuria indicates significant internal bleeding, which is a serious complication of heparin therapy requiring immediate provider notification. While minor bruising or gum bleeding may occur, hematuria suggests systemic anticoagulation excess or organ involvement. Monitoring PTT is standard for dose adjustment, but active bleeding signs take precedence as urgent clinical priorities.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床實務中,對於 Heparin 的監測通常有嚴格的「護理師執行計畫」(Heparin Protocol),針對 PTT 數值有明確的調整指引,護理師具備一定程度的獨立調整權限(依醫院政策),但在觀察到血尿時,則必須立即暫停並通知醫師。

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