病人獲處方靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。護理師應採取哪些措施以預防「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which actions should the nurse take to prevent 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister the dose over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於60分鐘內輸注劑量
- BAdminister a rapid IV bolus dose快速靜脈推注劑量
- CMonitor for hypotension during the infusion✓ 正解監測輸注期間的低血壓
- DPre-medicate with an antihistamine if ordered✓ 正解若經處方，預先給予抗組織胺藥物
- EIncrease the concentration of the drug solution增加藥液濃度
紅人症候群是由於萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放。預防方式包括減慢輸注速度（至少 1 小時）、監測血壓（可能發生低血壓）以及在醫師醫囑下給予抗組織胺。B 選項錯誤：快速輸注是致病主因。E 選項錯誤：提高濃度會加重血管刺激。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by massive histamine release due to rapid vancomycin infusion. Prevention measures include slowing the infusion rate (at least 60 minutes), monitoring blood pressure (hypotension may occur), and administering an antihistamine if ordered by the physician. Option B is incorrect: rapid infusion is the primary trigger of the reaction. Option E is incorrect: increasing the concentration intensifies vascular irritation.
美台臨床皆嚴格規定萬古黴素輸注速率，且需監測血 trough level，台灣醫院通常設有自動警示系統防止過快給藥。