— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導第一型糖尿病病人「生病日」注意事項。應包含哪些內容?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a patient with type 1 diabetes about sick days. What should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor blood glucose every 3-4 hours✓ 正解每 3-4 小時監測血糖
- BTest urine for ketones if glucose > 240 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖 > 240 mg/dL 則檢測尿液酮體
- CDiscontinue insulin while ill生病期間停止注射胰島素
- DMaintain adequate fluid intake✓ 正解維持充足的水分攝取
- ECall the provider if vomiting occurs✓ 正解若發生嘔吐應聯繫醫師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
第一型糖尿病病人在生病期間(Sick days),由於身體處於壓力狀態,會導致昇糖激素(Counter-regulatory hormones)分泌增加,使血糖升高並加速酮體生成,即便食慾不振也絕對不能停用胰島素。護理重點在於血糖監測、水分補充及早期預警。當血糖持續高於目標值且出現酮體時,發生糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)的風險極高,必須即時介入。
During illness, stress hormones raise blood glucose, so clients must continue insulin therapy, monitor glucose frequently, and maintain hydration to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis. Testing for ketones when glucose exceeds 240 mg/dL and contacting the provider if vomiting occurs are essential steps for early intervention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床對於 Sick Day Rules 的衛教非常具體,通常會給予病人書面指引,明確告知何時該聯繫醫師(如嘔吐超過 4-6 小時、血糖持續高於 250 mg/dL 且尿酮陽性)。