— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位嚴重脫水病人入院，需要靜脈輸液。哪項評估指標顯示病人的體液容量已恢復？
A client is admitted with severe dehydration and requires intravenous fluids. Which assessment finding indicates that the fluid volume is being restored?
- APeripheral edema周邊水腫
- BIncreased urinary output✓ 正解尿液排出量增加
- CDecreased heart rate心率下降
- DIncreased serum sodium levels血清鈉濃度上升
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嚴重脫水病人入院時，腎臟灌流通常不足，導致尿量減少。在給予足夠的靜脈輸液（IV fluids）後，隨著血容積恢復，腎絲球過濾率（GFR）提升，尿量增加是評估脫水改善最直接且客觀的指標。血鈉升高通常代表高張性脫水，與體液不足有關，而非恢復指標。心跳在脫水初期會代償性加速，恢復期會回穩，但尿量變化更為敏感。周邊水腫通常是液體過量（Fluid overload）的徵兆，而非脫水改善。
Increased urinary output is the most direct and objective indicator that fluid volume is being restored, as it reflects improved renal perfusion and glomerular filtration. While heart rate may stabilize, urine output provides clearer evidence of effective rehydration compared to signs of fluid overload or worsening dehydration.