護理師準備給藥，下列哪些情況需要暫停給藥並聯繫醫療人員？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer several medications to a client. Which scenario requires the nurse to hold the medication and contact the provider? (Select all that apply.)
- ADigoxin given to a client with a pulse of 52 bpm✓ 正解對脈搏 52 bpm 的病人給予地高辛
- BWarfarin given to a client with an INR of 1.2對 INR 為 1.2 的病人給予華法林
- CMetoprolol given to a client with a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg✓ 正解對血壓 90/60 mmHg 的病人給予美托洛爾
- DFurosemide given to a client with a serum potassium of 3.1 mEq/L✓ 正解對血清鉀 3.1 mEq/L 的病人給予呋塞米
- EInsulin Lispro given to a client who is currently nauseated and cannot eat✓ 正解對目前噁心且無法進食的病人給予門冬胰岛素 (Insulin Lispro)
給藥安全涉及生命徵象與實驗室數值評估。心跳小於 60 下不可給地高辛，血壓偏低不可給乙型阻斷劑，鉀離子過低給呋塞米會加重低血鉀，餐前胰島素若病人無法進食則會導致低血糖。INR 1.2 在使用華法林的病人中可能偏低，但通常不需立即停藥，應依據醫囑調整。
The nurse must hold digoxin if the heart rate is below 60 bpm, metoprolol if blood pressure is too low, furosemide if hypokalemia is present, and rapid-acting insulin if the client cannot eat to prevent hypoglycemia. An INR of 1.2 is generally acceptable for many conditions and does not typically require holding warfarin without specific provider orders, unlike the other scenarios which pose immediate safety risks.
美台對於給藥前的生命徵象與檢驗值判斷原則相同，均要求先評估後執行。