— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師為自尊心低落的憂鬱症個案規劃護理，以下哪些活動最能改善自我形象？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is planning care for a client with depression who has poor self-esteem. Which activity should the nurse prioritize to improve the client's self-image? (Select all that apply.)
- AAssigning the client simple, achievable tasks✓ 正解指派病人簡單且可達成的任務
- BProviding constant praise for all actions taken對其採取的所有行動給予持續的讚美
- CEncouraging the client to join a support group✓ 正解鼓勵病人加入支持團體
- DFocusing conversations on the client's past failures將對話聚焦於病人的過去失敗
- EHelping the client identify personal strengths✓ 正解協助病人識別個人優勢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
憂鬱症個案常伴隨負向認知與低自尊，護理目標在於透過「增強自我效能（Self-efficacy）」來改善自我形象。成功的關鍵在於提供結構化、可達成且具支持性的環境。透過完成簡單任務獲取成就感，參與支持團體獲得同儕認同，以及辨識個人優點以重塑自我認知，能有效扭轉個案對自我的負面評價。反之，過度誇獎會讓個案感到虛假，過度關注失敗則會強化其無助感。
To improve self-esteem, nurses should assign simple, achievable tasks to build a sense of mastery and encourage participation in support groups for social normalization. Helping the client identify personal strengths reframes self-perception, whereas focusing on failures or offering insincere praise can reinforce negative self-appraisal.