— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
護理師為一位老年病人進行睡眠評估。下列哪些發現屬於正常的年齡相關睡眠模式改變？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a sleep assessment for an elderly client. Which findings are normal age-related changes in sleep patterns? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncreased time spent in deep sleep (Stage 3)深層睡眠（第3期）時間增加
- BFrequent nocturnal awakenings✓ 正解頻繁的夜間醒來
- CEarlier bedtime and earlier wake time✓ 正解較早的就寢時間和較早的起床時間
- DIncreased difficulty falling asleep (longer latency)✓ 正解入睡困難增加（潜伏期延長）
- EShift toward polyphasic sleep patterns轉向多相睡眠模式
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人的睡眠結構會發生顯著改變，主要特徵為深層睡眠（NREM Stage 3）減少，取而代之的是淺眠增加、入睡所需時間延長以及睡眠片段化（夜間常醒）。此外，晝夜節律的超前現象會導致入睡與起床時間提早。
Normal aging is associated with sleep fragmentation, increased sleep latency, and a phase advance in the circadian rhythm leading to earlier bedtimes and wake times. Deep sleep (Stage 3) typically decreases rather than increases in the elderly.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對老年睡眠的臨床照護觀點一致，但美國常透過睡眠衛生衛教進行介入。