— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位有多重護理需求的病人。下列哪些措施應優先以預防感染為目標？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple nursing needs. Which actions should the nurse prioritize to prevent infection? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before and after client contact✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- BChange IV tubing every 24 hours regardless of policy無論政策規定為何，每 24 小時更換靜脈輸液管路
- CMaintain a closed system for the urinary catheter✓ 正解維持導尿管系統的封閉狀態
- DUse sterile technique for all daily oral hygiene對所有日常口腔護理使用無菌技術
- EClean the skin around the central venous catheter site✓ 正解清潔中心靜脈導管置入部位周圍的皮膚
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防醫院內感染（Healthcare-associated infections, HAIs）是 NCLEX 的核心考點。護理師應遵循標準防護措施（Standard Precautions），並針對侵入性管路執行無菌技術（Aseptic technique）與維護封閉系統，以阻斷細菌進入體內的途徑。
Hand hygiene is the most effective method for preventing healthcare-associated infections. Maintaining a closed urinary catheter system and performing aseptic care of central line insertion sites are critical interventions to block bacterial entry and reduce the risk of bloodstream and urinary tract infections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床，CAUTI 與 CLABSI 的預防非常嚴格，護理師需嚴格遵守 Bundle care（成套照護措施），且管路更換頻率通常由醫院感染控制委員會訂定，而非護理師個人經驗。