護理師照護一位接受全靜脈營養（PN）的病人。需要監測哪些潛在併發症？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing care for a client receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Which of the following potential complications should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- BInfection at the catheter site✓ 正解導管部位感染
- CFluid volume overload✓ 正解體積過載
- DHypoglycemia✓ 正解低血糖
- EMetabolic bone disease代謝性骨病變
PN 是高滲透壓且高營養的溶液，常見風險為：代謝面（高血糖、停輸過快導致的反彈性低血糖）、感染面（導管感染）、循環面（體液過載）。長期使用才可能與骨病相關。此處 A、B、C、D 均為需密切監測的急症。
Clients receiving parenteral nutrition require monitoring for hyperglycemia due to high glucose content, infection at the catheter site because nutrients promote bacterial growth, and fluid volume overload from rapid infusion rates. Additionally, abrupt discontinuation of PN can cause rebound hypoglycemia. While metabolic bone disease is a long-term risk, the other options represent acute complications requiring immediate vigilance.
兩國對於全靜脈營養的輸注與監測規範均有嚴格的護理臨床指引（Nursing Guidelines）。