— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病患因低鉀血症入院。護理師應密切監測下列哪項發現？
A client is admitted with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse monitor for closely?
- AHyperactive bowel sounds腸鳴音亢進
- BTall, peaked T-waves高大尖銳的 T 波
- CShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
- DMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低鉀血症會影響神經肌肉傳導，導致肌肉無力、抽筋甚至橫紋肌溶解。心電圖表現通常為 T 波平坦或倒置，出現 U 波及 ST 段壓低，而非 QT 縮短或 T 波高尖（這是高血鉀的表現）。腸蠕動通常會因平滑肌鬆弛而減弱，而非亢進。
Hypokalemia decreases neuromuscular excitability, leading to muscle weakness, fatigue, and potentially respiratory compromise. It also causes gastrointestinal hypomotility, resulting in hypoactive rather than hyperactive bowel sounds. Electrocardiogram changes typically include flattened or inverted T waves and U waves, whereas tall peaked T waves are indicative of hyperkalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於補鉀的安全規範相似，皆需嚴格遵守濃度與速度限制以防靜脈炎或心律不整。