一位急性腎損傷病患被開立低蛋白飲食。此介入的依據為何？
A client with acute kidney injury is prescribed a low-protein diet. What is the rationale for this intervention?
- ATo improve cardiac output改善心輸出量
- BTo prevent hypoglycemia預防低血糖
- CTo increase serum albumin levels增加血清白蛋白濃度
- DTo reduce the workload on the kidneys✓ 正解減輕腎臟負擔
急性腎損傷（Acute Kidney Injury, AKI）時，腎絲球過濾率（GFR）下降，導致含氮廢物（如尿素氮、肌酸酐）無法有效排出。蛋白質在體內代謝後會產生這些含氮物質，若攝取過量蛋白質，會加重受損腎臟的排泄負擔並導致尿毒症狀惡化。因此，限制蛋白質攝取旨在減少代謝廢物的生成，以減輕腎臟負荷並維持體內電解質與酸鹼平衡。
In acute kidney injury (AKI), the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, resulting in nitrogenous waste (such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) being inadequately excreted. After metabolism in the body, protein generates these nitrogenous substances; excessive protein intake therefore increases the excretory burden on the already injured kidney and worsens uremic symptoms. Restricting protein intake is therefore aimed at reducing the production of metabolic waste, lightening the load on the kidneys, and maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance.