— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些是左心衰竭的臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
- ADyspnea on exertion✓ 正解活動後呼吸困難
- BJugular vein distension頸靜脈怒張
- CCrackles on lung auscultation✓ 正解聽診肺部出現囉音
- DPeripheral edema周邊水腫
- EOrthopnea✓ 正解端坐呼吸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
左心衰竭（Left-sided heart failure）導致左心室泵血功能不全，血液淤積於肺循環，造成肺微血管壓力升高，進而引發肺水腫與呼吸系統症狀。臨床表現包含勞力性呼吸困難（Dyspnea on exertion）、肺部濕囉音（Crackles）及端坐呼吸（Orthopnea）。這些皆是肺部充血的直接結果，反映了心臟無法有效處理回流血液的病態。
Left-sided heart failure results in pulmonary congestion, leading to clinical manifestations such as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and crackles upon lung auscultation. Signs like jugular vein distension and peripheral edema are associated with right-sided heart failure due to systemic venous backup rather than pulmonary involvement.