— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人確診結核病，護理師應採取哪些預防措施？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which precautions must the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a negative-pressure airflow room✓ 正解將病人安置於負壓氣流病房
- BWear an N95 respirator when entering the room✓ 正解進入病房時佩戴 N95 呼吸器
- CRequire the client to wear a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解轉送期間要求病人佩戴外科口罩
- DUse sterile gloves for all patient contact使用無菌手套進行所有病人接觸
- EPlace the client on droplet precautions將病人實施飛沫隔離
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
結核病屬於空氣傳染，需採取「空氣隔離措施」（Airborne Precautions）。包括負壓病房、進入時穿戴 N95 口罩、病人離開病房需戴外科口罩。D（無菌手套）非必要，一般手套即可；E（飛沫隔離）等級不足，空氣傳染防護更嚴謹。
Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, including placing the client in a negative-pressure airflow room and wearing an N95 respirator upon entry. The client should wear a surgical mask during transport to contain respiratory droplets. Sterile gloves are unnecessary for routine care, and droplet precautions alone are insufficient for an airborne pathogen.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對結核病防護標準一致，均遵循 CDC/疾管署建議，但美國醫院對於負壓室壓力監控紀錄更加嚴格。