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心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案,出現呼吸急促、心悸及瀕死感。護理師應採取的優先措施為何?

A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, heart palpitations, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention is the priority for the nurse?

  • ARemain with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment✓ 正解
    陪伴病人並維持平靜、安靜的環境
  • BAdminister an as-needed dose of alprazolam
    給予處方劑量的阿普唑侖
  • CPerform a thorough physical assessment to rule out cardiac issues
    進行詳細的身體評估以排除心臟問題
  • DInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag
    指示病人用紙袋呼吸
Explanation · 中文詳解

核心概念:處理廣泛性焦慮症(Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD)急性發作(恐慌發作,Panic Attack)的優先護理措施。 為何正確答案對: B. 病人出現呼吸急促、心悸、瀕死感等症狀,顯示其處於高度焦慮狀態。護理師應立即在病人身邊提供穩定、支持性的陪伴,創造一個平靜、低刺激的環境。護理師的臨在(Presence)與鎮靜的態度本身就是一種重要的介入,能幫助病人感到安全,逐漸緩和其恐慌情緒。 為何其他選項錯: D. 紙袋呼吸(Breathing into a paper bag)在過去用於治療過度換氣,但現已不被推薦,因為可能導致二氧化碳滯留,加劇缺氧感,甚至引起暈厥。對於恐慌發作,其效果與安全性均存疑。 C. 雖然病人有焦慮症病史,但立即給予鎮靜藥物(Alprazolam)並非首要措施。在藥物介入前,應先透過非藥物性支持穩定病人情緒,並評估其臨床狀況。藥物使用需經醫師處方與評估。 D. 雖然排除心臟問題很重要,但在病人急性恐慌發作時,首要任務是處理其當前的心理生理極度不適,確保其安全感。進行詳細的身體評估應在病人情緒較為穩定後進行,或同時由其他醫護人員協調進行,而非作為當下最優先的護理行動。

The priority intervention is to remain with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment, as the nurse’s presence and reduced environmental stimuli help decrease physiological arousal during a panic attack. While medication may be prescribed later, immediate psychological support and safety are the primary nursing responsibilities. Other interventions like paper bag rebreathing are outdated due to hypoxia risks, and physical assessments should occur after the acute episode subsides.

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