— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案因恐慌發作被送至門診。在急性期，護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder is brought to the clinic after a panic attack. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize during the acute phase?
- ALeave the client alone to provide privacy讓病人獨處以提供隱私
- BAdminister an as-needed dose of alprazolam給予處方劑量的阿普唑侖
- CAsk the client to explain what triggered the attack詢問病人解釋引發發作的觸發因素
- DInstruct the client to breathe slowly and deeply✓ 正解指示病人緩慢深呼吸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作（Panic Attack）時，病人常因極度焦慮而產生過度換氣（Hyperventilation），這會導致二氧化碳濃度過低（Respiratory Alkalosis），加重頭暈與麻木感。引導病人進行緩慢的腹式呼吸，能有效調節呼吸頻率，重新平衡血液酸鹼值，並刺激迷走神經以緩解焦慮。此為急性期最直接且有效的護理介入。
During a panic attack, hyperventilation lowers carbon dioxide levels, worsening symptoms like dizziness and paresthesia. The priority intervention is to guide the client through slow, deep breathing to restore acid-base balance and stimulate the vagus nerve for relaxation. Isolation or complex cognitive tasks are inappropriate during the acute phase.