— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在接受輸血,下列哪些發現代表發生溶血性輸血反應?(選所有適合的)
A client is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following findings would indicate a hemolytic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- ALower back pain✓ 正解下背痛
- BFlushing of the face✓ 正解面部潮紅
- CChills and fever✓ 正解畏寒和發燒
- DHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- EBradycardia心搏過緩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性溶血性反應常在輸血初期發生,因輸入血液與病人的 ABO 血型不合,導致紅血球被摧毀。典型症狀包括腰背部疼痛(腎臟微血管栓塞)、潮紅、發燒、寒顫、低血壓、呼吸困難及心搏過速。心搏過緩(E)並非溶血反應特徵,反而常因代償作用出現心搏過速。發生時應立即停止輸血,更換輸液管組,並以生理食鹽水維持靜脈路徑。
Signs of a hemolytic reaction include lower back pain from renal vascular obstruction, facial flushing, chills, fever, and hypotension. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, is expected due to the systemic inflammatory response and circulatory compromise.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地輸血流程均嚴格要求雙人核對,台灣針對過敏反應的備藥處置流程更為嚴謹。