— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對於有跌倒病史及視力受損的病人，下列哪項安全防護措施是最高優先級？
Which safety intervention is the highest priority for a client with a history of falls and vision impairment?
- AOrient the client to the environment✓ 正解引導病人熟悉環境
- BEnsure adequate lighting in the room確保房間內有充足的照明
- CApply physical restraints at night夜間使用身體約束
- DKeep the call light within reach將呼叫鈴放置在病人可觸及之處
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
環境熟悉度（Orientation）對視力受損者至關重要，能降低焦慮並減少探索環境時的碰撞。雖然照明（B）與呼叫鈴（D）也很重要，但若病人不知道環境配置，跌倒風險依然極高。約束（C）為最後手段且不建議作為跌倒預防常規。
Orienting the client to the environment is the highest priority because it allows them to navigate safely and reduces anxiety associated with vision impairment. While adequate lighting and keeping the call light within reach are important, they are less effective if the client does not understand the room layout. Physical restraints are a last resort and can actually increase fall risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國強調「無約束（Restraint-free）」照護環境；台灣在臨床實務上，對於高跌倒風險病人仍較常使用約束保護。