— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位腹主動脈瘤 (AAA) 病人出現下列哪項發現是緊急的？
Which finding in a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is urgent?
- AA palpable, pulsating mass可觸摸到的搏動性腫塊
- BStable blood pressure穩定的血壓
- CBack pain radiating to the groin✓ 正解輻射至腹股溝的背痛
- DPresence of bruit on auscultation聽診時出現血管雜音
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腹主動脈瘤（Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, AAA）的臨床評估重點在於識別「破裂前兆」。當動脈瘤擴大或出現滲漏（leaking）時，會刺激後腹膜神經，引發劇烈且持續的背痛，並常輻射至腹股溝或下肢。此狀況屬於心血管外科急症，若不及時手術，可能迅速進展為致命性破裂（Rupture）。護理師在評估 AAA 病人時，必須將任何突發的疼痛改變視為警訊，優先考慮動脈瘤破裂的可能性，並採取緊急應變措施。
In a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), new or worsening back pain radiating to the groin is an urgent sign of aneurysm expansion or impending rupture. This symptom indicates irritation of the retroperitoneal nerves and requires immediate surgical evaluation to prevent fatal hemorrhage. Other findings like a pulsatile mass or bruit are expected but do not indicate acute instability.