— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的客戶來到診所，主訴心悸和瀕死感。護理師應優先採取哪項介入措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting heart palpitations and a feeling of impending doom. Which intervention is the priority for the nurse?
- AInstruct the client to breathe slowly and deeply✓ 正解指示病人緩慢且深沉地呼吸
- BAsk the client to explain the source of their anxiety詢問病人解釋其焦慮的來源
- CAdminister an ordered PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方上的備用抗焦慮藥物
- DRefer the client to a psychiatrist for further evaluation轉介病人至精神科進行進一步評估
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對急性焦慮發作，首要任務是減輕生理症狀並恢復病人控制感。腹式深呼吸能有效降低交感神經活性，改善心悸與過度換氣。B需有醫囑且非首選，B在病人極度焦慮時無效，D屬於後續治療規劃，急症處理應先建立安全感與緩解生理不適。
The priority intervention for a client experiencing acute anxiety or panic is to promote physical relaxation and reduce sympathetic nervous system arousal through deep, slow breathing. Non-pharmacological strategies are the first line of defense to help the client regain control before considering medication or further evaluation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常受過專業放鬆技術訓練，台灣則較常仰賴藥物控制。