哪些評估結果顯示病人可能在中心靜脈導管置入後發生併發症？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings indicate that a client is experiencing a complication related to a new central venous catheter (CVC) insertion? (Select all that apply.)
- ASudden onset of dyspnea✓ 正解突發性呼吸困難
- BDecreased breath sounds on the side of insertion✓ 正解置入側肺部呼吸音減弱
- CIncreased blood pressure血壓升高
- DChest pain✓ 正解胸痛
- ETachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
中心靜脈導管（CVC）置入屬於侵入性程序，最嚴重的立即性併發症為醫源性氣胸（Iatrogenic Pneumothorax）。當導管穿刺過深或誤傷胸膜頂，會導致空氣進入胸膜腔。臨床評估應重點關注呼吸系統與循環系統的代償表現。護理師需運用 ABC（呼吸道、呼吸、循環）原則，優先評估呼吸窘迫徵象。若出現突發呼吸困難、單側呼吸音減弱、胸痛及代償性心跳過速，均為氣胸的典型表現，需立即通知醫師並準備胸部 X 光檢查確認。
Sudden dyspnea, decreased breath sounds on the insertion side, chest pain, and tachycardia are hallmark signs of a pneumothorax, a serious complication of central venous catheter insertion. These symptoms indicate air in the pleural space causing lung collapse and subsequent respiratory distress. Immediate notification of the provider and preparation for diagnostic imaging are essential.
美國臨床護理中，對於 CVC 置入後懷疑氣胸的處理極為迅速，護理師通常被賦予權限直接請求緊急床邊胸部 X 光檢查，並在發現異常時立即啟動快速反應小組（RRT）。