— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人服用碳酸鋰(Lithium)治療,應包含哪些重點?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a client about lithium carbonate therapy. Which points should the nurse include in the instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent daily sodium intake✓ 正解維持每日穩定的鈉攝取量
- BDrink 2-3 liters of fluid daily✓ 正解每日飲水 2-3 公升
- CReport hand tremors or confusion immediately✓ 正解立即回報手顫或意識混亂
- DTake the medication on an empty stomach空腹服用藥物
- EAvoid caffeine and diuretics避免攝取咖啡因與利尿劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
碳酸鋰(Lithium)是一種治療窗狹窄的藥物,其排泄與鈉離子代謝高度相關。當身體鈉攝取減少時,腎臟為了保存鈉離子,會連帶增加對鋰的重吸收,進而導致鋰蓄積中毒。因此,維持恆定的鈉攝取與足夠的水分(2-3L/日)能穩定腎臟排泄功能。若出現手抖(Fine tremors)、步態不穩、混亂或嘔吐,均為鋰中毒早期徵兆。病人需持續監測血中濃度,以確保在治療範圍內。
Maintaining consistent sodium intake and adequate hydration (2-3 L/day) prevents fluctuations in lithium excretion, reducing toxicity risk. Hand tremors and confusion are early signs of lithium toxicity that require immediate reporting. Taking the medication with food minimizes gastrointestinal upset, and caffeine does not need strict avoidance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床對於鋰鹽的衛教極度強調「鈉與液體平衡」的恆定性,因為美國飲食習慣中鈉攝取量較高且不穩定,護理師需特別教導病人不要隨意進行低鈉飲食或劇烈運動導致脫水。