— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在照顧一位中風且有吞嚥困難（dysphagia）的病人。何項措施最重要，以預防吸入性肺炎？
A nurse is caring for a client with a stroke who has dysphagia. Which intervention is most important to prevent aspiration?
- AEncourage the client to eat quickly鼓勵病人快速進食
- BThicken all liquids✓ 正解將所有液體稠化
- CPosition the client in a semi-Fowler's position after meals餐後讓病人採取半坐臥姿勢
- DOffer liquids with a straw提供吸管飲用液體
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難的病人，將液體稠化（thicken liquids）是最有效預防吸入的方法，因為較稠的液體能減緩通過咽喉的速度，給予病人更多時間吞嚥。使用吸管可能使吞嚥更困難；快速進食可能增加嗆咳；餐後採半坐臥有助於胃排空，但非預防吸入的首要措施。
Thickening liquids is the most effective intervention to prevent aspiration in clients with dysphagia, as it slows transit time and improves swallowing control. This modification reduces the risk of liquid entering the airway during ingestion. Other measures like eating quickly or using straws may increase aspiration risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有專職的語言治療師（Speech-Language Pathologist）評估吞嚥功能；台灣亦有，但依醫院資源不同，護理師的評估角色可能更吃重。