— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
精神科病房一名病人開始踱步並對員工大聲叫囂，情緒日益激動。護理師應優先採取何項措施？
A client in a psychiatric unit begins pacing and shouting at staff members, becoming increasingly agitated. Which priority action should the nurse take?
- ACall security to restrain the client immediately立即呼叫保全對病人進行約束
- BApproach the client and demand they sit down接近病人並要求其坐下
- CImmediately place the client in seclusion立即將病人安置於隔離室
- DMaintain a safe distance and speak with a calm, low voice✓ 正解保持安全距離，並以平靜、低沉的語調說話
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
精神科照護中，面對激動病人，首要原則是「去升級（De-escalation）」。保持冷靜、低沈的語調與足夠的肢體距離（避免被攻擊），能有效緩解病人的焦慮與防禦心理。直接命令或過早動用強制力，往往會激化衝突，增加員工與病人的受傷風險。強制措施如隔離或約束是最後手段（Last Resort），僅在病人對自己或他人構成即時威脅時才使用。
The priority intervention for an agitated client is de-escalation through non-threatening communication. Maintaining a safe distance and speaking in a calm, low voice helps reduce the client's anxiety and defensiveness without escalating hostility. Restraints or seclusion are last resorts reserved for situations where there is an immediate threat of harm.