— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀 20 mEq 於 100 mL 生理食鹽水中，護理師發現注射部位紅腫且疼痛。護理師應採取的最優先行動為何？
A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of potassium chloride 20 mEq in 100 mL of 0.9% Normal Saline. The nurse notes the IV site is erythematous and painful. Which action is the priority?
- AApply a cold compress to the site在注射部位應用冷敷
- BDiscontinue the infusion✓ 正解停止輸注
- CSlow the infusion rate減慢輸注速率
- DFlush the IV line to ensure patency沖洗靜脈導管以確保通暢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有強烈刺激性，若發生滲漏（infiltration）或靜脈炎，必須立即停止輸注以防組織壞死。持續給藥將造成嚴重的化學性燒傷。停止後應移除留置針，評估周邊循環，並根據機構政策採取相應處置（如冰敷或熱敷，視滲漏藥物性質而定）。
Potassium chloride is a potent irritant that can cause severe tissue necrosis if it infiltrates surrounding tissues. The priority action is to immediately discontinue the infusion to prevent further chemical injury and assess the site.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均嚴格執行靜脈滲漏立即移除原則；但美國護理師對高濃度鉀離子給藥常有更嚴格的雙人核對與給藥路徑規範。