— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人服用單胺氧化酶抑制劑（MAOI）治療憂鬱症。護理師應指導病人避免食用何種食物？
A client is prescribed an MAOI for depression. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- AAged cheese✓ 正解陳年起司
- BWhite rice白米飯
- CFresh fruits新鮮水果
- DChicken breast雞胸肉
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
MAOI（單胺氧化酶抑制劑）會抑制酪胺（Tyramine）的氧化代謝。酪胺是一種能促進去甲基腎上腺素釋放的物質。當病人攝取高酪胺食物（如陳年起司、煙燻肉、紅酒）時，體內酪胺濃度急劇上升，會引發嚴重的「高血壓危象（Hypertensive Crisis）」，表現為劇烈頭痛、血壓飆升，嚴重者可危及生命。
Clients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) must avoid aged cheeses because they are high in tyramine, which can trigger a life-threatening hypertensive crisis. MAOIs inhibit the metabolism of tyramine, leading to excessive norepinephrine release and severe hypertension if dietary restrictions are not followed.