— 照護管理 · EASY · MCQ —
一位護理師正在接收入院一位有跌倒病史的病人。哪項安全措施最重要？
A nurse is admitting a client with a history of falls. Which safety measure is most important?
- APlace the client in a room close to the nurses' station.將病人安置在靠近護理站的房間。
- BKeep the bed in the lowest position.✓ 正解保持床鋪處於最低位置。
- CUse restraints.使用約束帶。
- DEnsure the client wears non-skid footwear.確保病人穿著防滑鞋。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒預防的核心在於環境控制。護理臨床邏輯遵循安全優先原則，將病床保持在最低位置是執行最簡單、且無需醫師醫囑即可立即執行的非侵入性措施。此舉能顯著降低病人若不慎滑落床邊時的撞擊力與受傷嚴重度。雖然其他選項（如防滑鞋、靠近護理站）也是跌倒預防組合的一部分，但保持最低床位是所有住院病人防跌管理的基本要求（Standard of Care）。
Keeping the bed in the lowest position is the most important safety measure because it minimizes the distance and potential injury if the client falls. This is a fundamental, non-invasive standard of care that can be implemented immediately without a physician's order, unlike restraints which are a last resort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，約束（Restraints）的使用受到嚴格的 JCAHO 與聯邦法規監控，必須有醫師處方且需定時評估與紀錄，絕不能作為預防跌倒的常規手段，否則可能構成非法監禁（False Imprisonment）。