— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備對一名低鉀血症病人給予靜脈輸注氯化鉀。給藥前最重要的評估指標為何?
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following assessments is a priority before administration?
- ASerum sodium level血清鈉濃度
- BRespiratory rate呼吸頻率
- CBlood pressure血壓
- DUrine output✓ 正解尿量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注氯化鉀(Potassium Chloride, KCl)屬於高警訊藥物(High-alert medication)。鉀離子主要經由腎臟排泄,若病人存在腎功能衰竭或尿少(Oliguria,定義通常為 <30 mL/hr),給藥後無法有效排出鉀離子,將導致嚴重高鉀血症,進而引發致命性心律不整(如心室顫動)。因此,確保腎功能正常與尿液排泄是給藥前最重要的安全評估。
Urine output is the priority assessment because adequate renal function is required to excrete potassium and prevent toxicity. Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication, and administering it to a client with oliguria or renal failure can lead to dangerous hyperkalemia and fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床對於靜脈補充 KCl 有極嚴格的給藥準則(如濃度上限、輸注速率限制),且通常要求在中心靜脈導管給予,除非濃度極低(<10 mEq/100mL)。