護理師為新診斷為創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的個案規劃照護。下列哪些護理措施適合納入？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client recently diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which nursing actions are appropriate to include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse grounding techniques during flashbacks✓ 正解在閃回期間使用接地技巧
- BEncourage the client to discuss the trauma in detail immediately鼓勵病人立即詳細討論創傷經歷
- CEstablish a consistent, predictable daily routine✓ 正解建立一致且可預測的日常作息
- DImplement strict isolation to prevent emotional triggers實施嚴格隔離以防止情緒觸發
- EPromote relaxation techniques like progressive muscle relaxation✓ 正解促進漸進式肌肉放鬆等放鬆技巧
PTSD 的照護重點在於「提供安全感」與「調節情緒」。A 協助病人回到當下；C 規律生活能降低焦慮；E 緩解生理緊張。B 錯誤：急性期不宜強迫個案敘述細節，會導致二次傷害。D 錯誤：隔離會增加社會退縮感，而非治療方向。
Grounding techniques help clients reconnect with reality during dissociative episodes, while a consistent daily routine reduces anxiety and restores a sense of control. Promoting relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, aids in managing the hyperarousal symptoms characteristic of PTSD. Interventions like forcing detailed trauma discussion or implementing strict isolation are contraindicated as they may cause retraumatization or exacerbate social withdrawal.
台灣目前對 PTSD 的心理治療普及度較低，常仰賴藥物控制，護理照護需投入更多時間協助情緒穩定。