— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對疑似創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人進行心理評估。應記錄哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting a psychosocial assessment of a patient with suspected PTSD. Which symptoms should the nurse document? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlashbacks or intrusive memories✓ 正解閃回或侵入性記憶
- BAvoidance of reminders of the trauma✓ 正解逃避創傷相關提示
- CIncreased arousal and hypervigilance✓ 正解興奮度增加與過度警覺
- DExcessive feelings of guilt or self-blame✓ 正解过度的內疚感或自我指責
- EDecreased appetite and weight gain食慾減退與體重增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD（創傷後壓力症候群）的診斷準則包含：侵入性重現創傷（A，如 Flashbacks）；逃避創傷相關的回憶或人事物（B）；過度警覺與焦慮（C）；以及對創傷事件的負面認知或罪惡感（D）。這些症狀反映了個體在創傷後，心理系統處於高壓與防禦狀態。體重變化（E）可能與憂鬱症共病，但非 PTSD 的核心診斷指標。
PTSD diagnostic criteria include intrusive re-experiencing of the trauma, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, hyperarousal, and negative cognitions such as excessive guilt. These symptoms reflect the psychological defense mechanisms activated after trauma exposure.