護理師照顧一位活動性結核病（TB）病人，哪項措施對預防空氣傳播至關重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which action is essential to prevent airborne transmission?
- AAdminister prophylactic antibiotics to all staff.給予所有工作人員預防性抗生素
- BPlace the client in a negative pressure isolation room.✓ 正解將病人安置於負壓隔離病房
- CEnsure the client wears a surgical mask when outside the room.確保病人離開房間時佩戴外科口罩
- DImplement Contact Precautions.實施接觸隔離措施
結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）透過空氣懸浮微粒（Airborne particles）傳播，這些微粒可在空氣中懸浮數小時。針對活動性 TB，標準的護理目標是防止病菌隨空氣散佈至病房外。負壓隔離病房（Negative pressure isolation room）透過維持病房內氣壓低於外部走廊，確保空氣僅能流入病房而無法外溢，並經由高效微粒空氣（HEPA）過濾系統處理，這是預防空氣傳播（Airborne Precautions）最關鍵的環境控制措施。
To prevent airborne transmission of active tuberculosis, the client must be placed in a negative pressure isolation room, which ensures air flows into the room rather than escaping into the hallway. This environmental control, often combined with HEPA filtration, is essential for containing infectious airborne particles, whereas surgical masks are used for droplet precautions and are insufficient for TB.
美國醫院對於 TB 篩檢與隔離極為嚴格，護理師進入病房前必須配戴已進行過密合度測試（Fit-test）的 N95 口罩，此點在台灣臨床實務中同樣重要但細節規範可能更為嚴格。