護理師準備進行侵入性處置並需執行外科手刷洗。哪項動作是正確的？

外科手刷洗（surgical hand scrubbing）是準備進行侵入性處置或手術的護理師和醫師必須執行的重要步驟，目的是最大程度地減少手部皮膚上的微生物數量，達到外科無菌（surgical asepsis）的標準。正確的刷洗技術不僅包括刷洗的範圍和時間，還包括洗手過程中手部與肘部的相對位置，以確保水流方向能將微生物從較乾淨的區域沖向較不乾淨的區域，避免交叉污染。 正確答案「D」指出應保持手部高於肘部。這是外科手刷洗的關鍵原則之一，旨在利用重力讓水流從最乾淨的手指尖流向手臂，最後從肘部滴落。這樣可以防止已刷洗乾淨的手部被來自肘部或手臂的水流再次污染，從而維持手部的無菌狀態。護理師必須嚴格遵守這些步驟，以確保在侵入性處置中維持無菌，降低病人感染的風險。

Surgical hand scrubbing is an essential step performed by nurses and physicians prior to invasive procedures or surgery in order to maximally reduce microorganisms on the skin of the hands and meet the standard of surgical asepsis. Correct scrubbing technique includes not only the area scrubbed and the duration but also the relative position of the hands and elbows so that water flows from cleaner to less clean areas, avoiding cross-contamination. The correct answer 'D' is to keep the hands higher than the elbows. This is one of the key principles of surgical hand scrubbing; it uses gravity to allow water to flow from the cleanest area (the fingertips) down the arms and drip from the elbows. This prevents already-cleaned hands from being re-contaminated by water flowing from the elbows or arms, maintaining the sterile state of the hands. The nurse must follow these steps strictly to maintain asepsis during invasive procedures and reduce the client's risk of infection.

美國現多推行無水手刷液 (Waterless surgical scrub)；台灣傳統刷手與無水刷手併行。